John Brown

John Brown was a militant abolitionist in Virginia who fervently believed that armed insurrection was the only way to combat slavery in the United States. After clashing with pro-slavery opponents during the fighting in Bleeding Kansas, where he gained notoriety as one of the few northerners to believe that violent insurrection would be the only way to end the institution of slavery, he prepared for an assault on the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. This entailed recruitment and a meticulous stockpiling of weaponry before the attack.

On October 16, 1859, Brown and several supporters cut the telegraph wire and successfully captured the arsenal. The popular slave uprising Brown had hoped to instigate never materialized, however. After fighting local townspeople who formed a militia to harass them, Brown's men were ultimately surrounded and defeated by US Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Brown was arrested and executed for his actions. Brown's actions are agreed by many historians to have been the catalyst for the secession of the southern states and ultimately the American Civil War.

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